Linux
~/.zshrc
bash
# zsh
export ZSH="$HOME/.oh-my-zsh"
ZSH_THEME="ys"
plugins=(git zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)
source "$ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh"
export EDITOR="vim"
# user
proxy=$(ip route | grep 'default' | awk '{print $3}'):7890
export HTTP_PROXY=http://$proxy
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://$proxy
export ALL_PROXY=socks5://$proxy
# c, c++
export CC="/usr/bin/gcc"
export CXX="/usr/bin/g++"
export CMAKE_GENERATOR="Ninja"
# js, ts
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion"
# python3
export PATH="$HOME/venv/bin:$PATH"
# pnpm
export PNPM_HOME="$HOME/.local/share/pnpm"
case ":$PATH:" in
*":$PNPM_HOME:"*) ;;
*) export PATH="$PNPM_HOME:$PATH" ;;
esac
# pnpm end
. "$HOME/.deno/env"vim
shell
# 命令模式
i|insert|a # 切换到插入模式
: # 切换到命令行模式
x # 删除当前字符
o # 在下方插入行, 并切换到插入模式
O # 在上方插入行, 并切换到插入模式
dd # 剪切当前行
yy # 复制当前行
P # 光标后粘贴
p # 光标前粘贴
u # 撤销
# 输入模式
esc # 切换到命令模式
# 命令行模式
:w # 写文件
:q # 退出
:wq # 写文件并退出
:q! # 强制退出Ubuntu
shell
wsl --list [--online]
wsl --install -d Ubuntu
wsl --set-default Ubuntu
wsl --shutdown
# wsl --unregister Ubuntu
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
sudo apt install \
apt-transport-https \
build-essential \
ca-certificates clang clang-format clangd cmake curl \
firewalld \
gdb git \
iperf3 \
lld llvm \
net-tools ninja-build \
openssh-server \
pkg-config \
tree \
vim \
wget \
zip zsh \
--fix-missing -y
# git
git config --global user.name Tiancheng && \
git config --global user.email 'yukino161043261@gmail.com' && \
git config --global core.autocrlf false && \
git config --global credential.helper store && \
git config --global init.defaultBranch main && \
git config --global core.filemode false && \
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C 'yukino161043261@gmail.com'
# proxy
vim ~/.bashrc
proxy="127.0.0.1:7890"
export HTTP_PROXY=http://$proxy
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://$proxy
export ALL_PROXY=socks5://$proxy
source ~/.bashrc
# zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions && \
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
# python3
sudo apt install python3 python3-pip python3-venv -y
python3 -m venv ~/python3
# nvm for nodejs
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.40.1/install.sh | bash
nvm ls-remote
npm install typescript -g
# pnpm
curl -fsSL https://get.pnpm.io/install.sh | sh -
# deno
curl -fsSL https://deno.land/install.sh | sh
## ssh
Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol
```shell
# client
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@192.168.220.140 -p 22 "cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys" && ssh user@192.168.220.140 -p 22
# vim ~/.ssh/config
Host vm
HostName 192.168.220.140
User user.wslconfig
vim /mnt/c/Users/admin/.wslconfig
sh
[wsl2]
autoProxy=true
dnsTunneling=true
firewall=false
networkingMode=mirroredrsync
Remote Synchronous Copy
sh
# tiancheng@yudt12#$
rsync [-r] <local-src> -e 'ssh -p <remote-port>' user@192.168.220.140:<remote-dst>
rsync [-r] -e 'ssh -p <remote-port>' user@192.168.220.140:<remote-src> <local-dst>
# sample
rsync ./screenlog.0 \ # src
-e 'ssh -p 22' user@192.168.220.140:~/screenlog.0 # dst
rsync -e 'ssh -p 22' user@192.168.220.140:~/screenlog.0 # src
./screenlog.0 # dstscp
Secure Copy
sh
# tiancheng@yudt12#$
scp [-r] -P <remote-port> <local-src> user@192.168.220.140:<remote-dest>
scp [-r] -P <remote-port> user@192.168.220.140:<remote-src> <local-dst>
# sample
scp -p 22 ./screenlog.0 \ # src
user@192.168.220.140:~/screenlog.0 # dst
scp -p 22 user@192.168.220.140:~/screenlog.0 \ # src
./screenlog.0 # dstscreen
sh
screen -S <name> # 创建虚拟终端
screen -r <pid/name> # 返回虚拟终端
screen -R <pid/name> # 返回/创建虚拟终端
screen -d [pid/name] # 主终端中分离虚拟终端
screen -R [pid/name] -X quit # 主终端中退出虚拟终端
ctrl+a, d # 分离虚拟终端
ctrl+a shift+h # 开启虚拟终端日志
echo $STY # 打印pid/name
screen -ls # 列出所有虚拟终端tar
sh
# -c 压缩
# -x 解压
# -v VERBOSE
# -J .tar.xz
# -z .tar.gz
# -f 压缩文件名
tar -cf dst.tar src # .tar
tar -xf src.tar # .tar
tar -czf dst.tar.gz src # .tar.gz
tar -xzf src.tar.gz # .tar.gz
tar -cJf dst.tar.xz src # .tar.xz
tar -xJf src.tar.xz # .tar.xz
zip -d dst.zip src # .zip
unzip src.zip -d dst # .zipscript
shell
touch ./filename.log && script -a ./filename.log| && ||
| left | right | 将 left 的输出作为 right 的输入 |
|---|---|
| left && right | 只有 left 执行成功, 才执行 right |
| left || right | 只有 left 执行失败, 才执行 right |
sh
# -a All
# -s Size
# -n Numeric-sort
# -r Reverse
ls -a -s | sort -n -r
cd ./dirname || exitps
Process Status
sh
# -e Select all process. Identical to -A (等价于-A)
# -f Full-format listing
ps -ef | grep python
ps -A
ps -u rootgrep
Global Regular Expression
sh
# grep [options] pattern [input]
# -c, --count
# -r, --recursive
# -n, --line-number
# -i, --ignore-case
# -v, --invert-match
grep "Segmentation fault" ./*.output
cat ./core.output | grep -c "Segmentation fault"
grep -r -n cubit ./CUBIT
grep -i -v "Segmentation fault" ./run.output # 不包含"Segementation fault"的行ping
ping 工作在应用层, 直接使用网络层的 ICMP, 不使用传输层的 TCP/UCP, 用于检测主机间的连通性
sh
# -b Allow pinging a broadcast address
# -c count
# -i interval
# -s packet size
# -t TTL, Time to Live (IP datagram)
ping www.bytedance.com # ping 117.68.76.68
ping -c 2 www.bytedance.com
ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 www.bytedance.comcurl
Client Uniform Resource Locator
sh
# -X, --request <method>
# -d, --data <data>
# -o, --output <file>
# -L, --location Support redirect
# -C, --continue-at <offset> (-C-)
# -O, --remote-name Write output to a local file named like the remote file
# 发送GET请求
curl https://ys.mihoyo.com/main/character/inazuma\?char\=0
# 发送POST请求
curl -X POST -d 'char=0' https://ys.mihoyo.com/main/character/inazuma
# 传输文件
curl www.google.com --output ./google.html
curl -L https://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.4.6.tar.gz -o ~/lua.tar.gz
# 断点续传
curl -C- https://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.4.6.tar.gz -Olsof
list open files
sh
lsof # 列出所有打开的文件
lsof -u root # 列出某用户打开的文件
lsof -u ^root # 列出非某用户打开的文件
lsof -p <pid> # 列出某进程打开的文件
lsof -c ssh # 列出某命令打开的文件
lsof -t /dev/null # 列出打开某文件的进程 (-t只打印pid)
lsof -i # 列出所有网络连接
lsof -i 4/6 # 列出IPv4/IPv6连接
lsof -i tcp/udp # 列出TCP/UDP连接
# ssh user@192.168.220.140 -p 22
lsof -i:<port> # 列出某端口的网络连接
lsof -i@221.226.84.186 # 列出与某主机的网络连接
lsof -i@221.226.84.186:18022 # 列出与某主机的某端口的网络连接
lsof -i -sTCP:LISTEN # 列出等待中的连接, 等价于lsof -i | grep -i listen
lsof -i -sTCP:ESTABLISHED # 列出已建立的连接, 等价于lsof -i | grep -i establishedkill
sh
kill -l # 列出所有信号
kill -9 <pid> # 终止某进程
kill -9 `lsof -t -u user` # 终止某用户的进程
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep user) # 终止某用户的进程sysctl
读写内核变量
sh
# -a, --all Display all values
# -N, --names Only print the names
# -w, --write
# --system Load settings from all system configuration files
# -p[FILE], --load[=FILE] Load settings from the file specified (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
sysctl -a
sysctl -a -N
sysctl net.core.netdev_max_backlog # net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1000
sysctl net.core.netdev_max_backlog=1000 # 临时写入内核变量
sudo su
sysctl -w net.core.netdev_max_backlog=1000 >> /etc/sysctl.d/10-test-settings.conf # 永久写入内核变量
sudo sysctl --system # 加载内核变量
sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/10-test-settings.conf # 从配置文件加载内核变量
sudo sysctl --load=/etc/sysctl.d/10-test-settings.conf # 从配置文件加载内核变量ifconfig
ip
ip [options] object command
object
- link 网络设备
- address 协议地址
- route 路由表项
- rule 路由规则
options
- -h, -human, -human-readable
- -s, -stats, -statistics Output more information
- -d, -details
- -f, -family <FAMILY> Specifies the protocol family to use.
- -4 shortcut for -family inet
- -6 shortcut for -family inet6
- -o, -oneline Output each record on a single line
- -r, -resolve Print DNS names instead of host addresses
网卡, 网络接口卡 (NIC, Network Interface Card)
sh
ip route
# default via 172.28.0.1 dev eth0 proto kernel
# - default 默认路由
# - via 172.28.0.1 数据包发送到 172.28.0.1 下一跳网关
# - dev eth0 数据包通过 eth0 网络接口发送到下一跳网关sh
sudo ip link show # 查看网络设备
sudo ip addr show # 查看网络设备IP信息
sudo ip link set eth0 up/down # 启动/关闭网卡
sudo ip addr add 192.168.0.65/24 dev eth1 # 更新eth1网卡IP地址192.168.0.65/24
sudo ip addr del 192.168.0.65/24 dev eth1 # 删除eth1网卡IP地址
sudo ip link add veth0 type veth peer name veth1 # 创建一对虚拟网卡 veth0@veth1
sudo ip addr add 192.168.220.2/24 dev veth0 # 设置虚拟网卡ip地址
sudo ip link set veth0 up # 启动虚拟网卡
sudo ip link set veth0 down # 关闭虚拟网卡
sudo ip link show veth0 # 查看虚拟网卡状态
sudo ip link delete dev veth0 # 删除虚拟网卡
sudo ip route add 192.168.220.0/24 via 192.168.220.1 dev veth0 # 插入路由表项
# ==================== experiment ====================
sudo ip link add veth0 type veth peer name veth1 # add virtual ethernet card pair veth0@veth1
sudo ip addr add 192.168.220.100/24 dev veth0 # add ipv4 addr for veth0
sudo ip link set veth0 up # setup veth0
sudo ip link set veth1 up # setup veth1
ping -c 1 192.168.220.101 # Failed
# sudo tcpdump -n -i veth0
# sudo tcpdump -n -i veth1
sudo ip addr add 192.168.220.101/24 dev veth1 # add ipv4 addr for veth1
ping -c 4 -I veth0 192.168.220.101 # Success
sudo ip link add name br0 type bridge # add virtual ethernet bridge br0
sudo ip link set br0 up # setup br0
sudo ip link set dev veth0 master br0 # link veth0 to br0
sudo bridge link # show virtual ethernet bridge
ping -c 1 -I veth0 192.168.220.101 # Failed
sudo ip addr del 192.168.220.100/24 dev veth0 # delete ipv4 addr for veth0
sudo ip addr add 192.168.220.100/24 dev br0 # add ipv4 addr for br0
ping -c 4 -I br0 192.168.220.101 # Success
ping -c 1 -I br0 192.168.220.1 # Failed
sudo ip link set ens33 master br0 # link pythsical NIC ens33 to br0
ping -c 1 -I ens33 192.168.220.1 # Failed
ping -c 4 -I br0 192.168.220.1 # Success
ping -c 4 -I veth1 192.168.220.1 # Success
sudo route -v
sudo ip link set dev veth1 down
sudo ip link set dev veth1 address 00:0c:29:75:e3:7f # ens33.mac = 00:0c:29:75:e3:7f
sudo ip link set dev veth1 up
sudo ip addr del 192.168.220.140/24 dev ens33 # delete ipv4 addr for ens33
sudo route -v
ping -c 4 192.168.220.1 # Success
ping -c 4 ys.mihoyo.com
# recovery
sudo ip link del veth0
sudo ip link del br0
sudo ip addr add 192.168.220.140/24 dev ens33 # add ipv4 addr for ens33
sudo route -v
# sudo ip route add default via 192.168.220.1
# sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
awk
awk options 'pattern {action}' file
sh
# vim ./test.txt
# 2 sing,dance,rap,basketball music
# data structure, operation system, computer network
# 5 cognosphere, hoyolab,hoyomix,hoyoverse, mihoyo
# Genshin Impact, Honkai StarRail
awk '{print}' ./test.txt # 打印./test.txt
awk '{print $1, $3}' ./test.txt # 打印使用' '分隔的第1, 3列
awk -F '[ ,]' '{print $1, $3}' ./test.txt # -F指定分隔符, 打印先使用' '分隔, 后使用','分隔的第1, 3列
awk -v a=1 '{print $1, $1+a}' ./test.txt # 打印第1列, 第1列+1
awk -v b=-suffix '{print $1, $1b}' ./test.txt # 打印第1列, 第1列-suffix
awk '$1>2 {print}' ./test.txt # 打印第1列大于2的行, {print}可省略
awk '{print NR, FNR, $1, $2, $3}' ./test.txt # NR: Total Number of Records; FNR: File's Number of Records
awk '$1>2 && $3=="honkai" {print $1, $2, $3}' OFS='->' ./test.txt # 打印第1列大于2, 且第3列等于honkai的行的第1, 2, 3列, 使用'->'分隔
awk '/Impact/' ./test.txt # 匹配包含Impact的行, 打印该行
awk '!/Impact/' ./test.txt # 匹配不包含Impact的行, 打印该行
awk 'BEGIN{IGNORECASE=1} /impact/' ./test.txt # 忽略大小写
awk '$2 ~ /Impact/ {print $2, $4}' ./test.txt # 匹配第2列中包含Impact的行, 打印该行的第2, 4列
awk '$2 !~ /Impact/ {print $2, $4}' ./test.txt # 匹配第2列中不包含Impact的行, 打印该行的第2, 4列nc
sh
# todonetstat
sh
# 查看端口映射
sudo netstat -tunlp
sudo ss -tunlpss
sh
# todotcpdump
sh
# todoiperf3
sh
# 发送
iperf3 -c localhost \ # client
-p 3300 \ # port
-i 1 \ # interval
-t 60 \ # time (s)
-l 8K # length
# 监听
iperf3 -s \ # server
-p 3302 # portiptables
sh
sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i br0 -j ACCEPT # Allow bridge forwardingfirewalld
sh
firewall-cmd --state # 查看防火墙状态
systemctl start firewalld.service # 启动防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service # 暂时关闭防火墙
sudo apt install ufw && sudo ufw disable # 永久关闭防火墙
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=22/tcp --permanent # 打开22号端口
systemctl restart firewalld.service && firewall-cmd --reload # 重启防火墙
firewall-cmd --list-ports # 查看打开的端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=22/tcp --permanent # 关闭22号端口硬链接, 符号链接
硬链接不能链接目录
sh
# -s, --symbolic Make symbolic links instead of hard links
ln -s /mnt/c/Users/admin/.m2 ~/.m2 # ln [-s] src destTCP 拥塞控制协议
shell
# 暂时修改 TCP 拥塞控制算法 cubic/bbr
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=cubic/bbr
# 查看 TCP 拥塞控制算法
sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_controltc
Traffic Control
| 参数 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| tc | traffic control |
| qdisc | 排队规则 |
| add | 添加新的排队规则 |
| dev lo | 指定网络接口卡为 lo |
| root | 网络接口卡的根队列 |
| netem | network traffic emulator |
| delay 5ms | 时延为 5ms |
| loss 0.01% | 丢包率为 0.01% |
shell
sudo tc qdisc del dev eno3 root && \
sudo tc qdisc add dev eno3 root netem delay 5ms loss 0.01%
# 暂时修改 TCP 拥塞控制算法
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=cubic/bbr
# 查看当前 TCP 拥塞控制算法
sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control
# 设置本机环回的时延和丢包率
sudo tc qdisc add dev lo root netem delay 5ms loss 0.01%
# 删除本机环回的时延和丢包率
sudo tc qdisc del dev lo rootperf
性能测试
shell
sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/perf
ln -s /usr/lib/linux-tools/<version>-generic/perf /usr/bin/perf
git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph.git
# 使用 perf 记录 program 的运行信息
perf record -e cycles -a --call-graph dwarf -d -- <program> [args]
# 使用 perf script 解析 perf.data
perf script -i perf.data &> perf.unfold
# 折叠 perf.unfold 的符号
./FlameGraph/stackcollapse-perf.pl perf.unfold &> perf.folded
# 生成 svg 图
./FlameGraph/flamegraph.pl perf.folded > perf.svgclang
shell
clang-format --style=google -dump-config > ./.clang-format